Set of forms of transaction in which textiles are exchanged or bartered for other products, or in which the textile enters as part of the commercial cycle of buying and selling.
Textile style of the Tiwanaku culture during the Middle Horizon. Three sub-styles have been defined: Tapestry Tiwanaku, Warp faced Tiwanaku aand Bordered Tiwanaku (see Oakland 1986). It uses bright colours and a distinctive iconography and both stripes and design bands. It reproduces State ideology.
Tiwanaku textile style woven in the provinces of the State which incorporates local elements and uses colours which are not as bright. It belongs to the Middle Horizon.
Women's hat, with a narrow brim and high crown, the result of the influence of the Italian "Borsalino" hat and generally worn as part of their apparel by women who wear skirts.
Hat associated more with men, with a narrow brim and high crown, resulting from the influence of the Italian 'Borsalino' hat, made out of fine cloth, generally from light colours.
Process by which the thread is strengthened as raw material for textile production, by twisting or plying it by hand or with a spindle for that purpose.
Circular, flat piece of wood, ceramic, bone, stone or metal, forming part of the spindle for spinning and plying, serving as the counter-weight for the turning of the spindle and check for the unrolling thread. The disc of the plying spindle, whose turn and weight strengthens the thread by doubling it or multiplying its thickness in the opposite direction to spin; its size and weight can vary, and it can be circular, rectangular, rounded rectangular, ellipsoid, conical, curved inverted conica, angular, truncated inverted conical, square, or rectangular. It usually has features of geometric or figurative motifs that allude to the flow of water or crops.
Flat spindle disc which makes the thread turn 'from above' the whorl. This type of whorl is especially associated with spinning camelid wool and is identiifed with teh highlands. In this case its alternative name in Aymara is t'arwa phiraru (fibre whorl).
Flat spindle disc which make the thread spin 'from below' the whorl. This type of whorl is used especially for cotton spinning, and these whorls are associated with places where cotton is produced, in the valleys and lowlands. Hence, its alternative name in Aymara is alwurun phiraru.
Textile style that brings together elements of the techniques and iconography of the populations of the valley of Azapa and those of the mountains of Arica during the Middle Horizon.
Hybrid textile style that icorporates the techniques and iconography of the Cabuza, Tiwanaku and Maytas groups, giving place to a relation with Maytas-Chiribaya during the Late Intermediate period.
Widely distributed textile tradition in the south of Bolivia, Atacama and even the Argentine north west. It is characterised by warp face weaves and the use of transposed warps.
Use of textiles in transactions of exchange or barter to obtain products, e.g. in the traditional journeys of llama caravans to the valleys to obtain valley products.
